Biography:

Emil Mukhamejanov is a doctor of medical sciences, professor. In 1964-1972, I worked in the Institute of Physiology, responsible for the regulation of muscle contraction. In 1974-1991, I worked in the Institute of nutrition, responsible for the regulation of energy metabolism and metabolic diseases. Developed metabolic model of balanced diet coupled with effects of toxic compounds, physical activity and dietary factors. Has developed specialized nutrition products for athletes and for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. Currently working in the Scientific Center of anti-infective disorders, develop approaches of reducing the negative impact of drugs. I participate in a grant (JSC National Medical University named after S.Asfendiarov) for the study of polymorphism in diabetes mellitus. I am a scientific consultant at Fucoidan-World.

 

Abstract:

High achievements in sports require the development of new technologies which help reduce the negative impact of intense physical exertion as well as improve the homeostasis of the main energy provider - glucose. Specialists of the Russian company Proten Farma, specializing in the development of Specialized Medical, Sports Nutrition, have developed a Specialized Nutrition (release form bar) fortified bar to improve the athlete's nutritional status.  To increase the efficiency of this product, it was important for it to not just provide macro and micronutrients, but for the product to also be able to help use these nutrients effectively in order to build and maintain such body functions as metabolism. To do this, the sulfated polysaccharide fucoidan, developed by Fucoidan-World Co. Was added to the “Balance Energy” bar as one of its ingredients. Hence, the bar was named “Fuco-Bar”. The “Fuco-Bar” has been successfully tested in Minsk at the Belarusian University of Physical Culture with young male national team athletes, middle distance runners, during training camp. They each were given their nutrition bar twice a day – in the morning and evening. Various indicators of athletic performance were measured both at the beginning and end of training camp, during the 30m run – speed capabilities, during the 3km run – aerobic endurance, during the standing long jump a special formula was used to calculate the instantaneous power in watts (W). A treadmill simulator was used, blood sugar, hemoglobin, erythrocyte and leukocyte levels were also determined. Furthermore, practice sessions missed due to illness were thoroughly recorded. Following the end of training camp all of the listed indicators were once again measured, evaluated and compared to the initial data as a percentage. The control group showed an improvement in performance in two tests, during the 3 km run and on the treadmill. At the same time, this group showed an increase in their leukocyte levels and their number of missed training sessions due to illness exceeded the team’s average. The experimental group showed a statistically significant improvement in all test indicators, while the number of missed workout sessions in this group proved to be three times lower. This innovative product passed the test in a WADA Accredited Laboratory and received a protocol on the absence of any drugs the consumption of which is prohibited in sports. Thus, “Fuco-Bar” is a successful, specialized, non-doping product for enhancing an athlete’s performance.

 

Biography:

Dr. Lina Rammal has her 12 years expertise in clinical nutrition and dietetics .Her aim is to spread nutrition awareness and to help patients reach their healthy body goals and to meet their optimal nutritional needs. Her numerous certificates and continuing education in all nutrition majors gave her the base to create and update new diets treatment techniques. She made hope after depression, smiles after tears and confidence after confusion. She Owned Lina Rammal Diet Center establishment in Lebanon, she is member in LAND, member in LDS, LD Syndicate representative, board member in nutrition & health magazines, nutrition articles writer, certified from the Lebanese public health ministry. This approach targets only obese children and can be successfully applied in their nutrition treatments in different ways and stages as mentioned in the abstract study.

 

Abstract:

Who is among your families and relatives doesn't know an obese child who suffers from implementing a healthy diet plan? Because their prevalence is rapidly increasing, the purpose of the study came to find the best diet program to treat childhood obesity and to evolve new preventive methods. Two types of diets were used on two stages over 23 obese children to monitor their weight and other health risk factors. They decreased in treatment phase 5 kg/ First month by using plant rich diet then they decreased 2.2kg/ month in control and preventive phase by using varied and balanced diet. Based on both clinical observations and applied theories the plant rich diet is a useful key in treatment phase but variation and moderation is another essential key in preventive phase. Obese children and depressed mother's faces are the daily routine in my Diet Center. That's why finding the key diet to beat and prevent obesity was a challenge. The Purpose of every successful Diet Program should take into consideration the concerns of both children and parents and the balance in quantity and quality of consumed foods. According to my clinical observations vegetarian diet package was the best treatment .To confirm it, an inductive qualitative study was conducted. Taking 23 from both gender obese children aged 6-11 years and using full nutrition assessment tools as methods to test the effectiveness of medium caloric plant versus animal based diets over 14 days with cyclic follow-ups and anthropometric measurements recordings.  Using meter for height and full body composition analyzer for  weight , %B.F , %B.W , % Muscle , BMR , BMI and measurable tape for  waist to hip ratio and bone circumference . They are asked to use first 14 days the plant based diet then a follow up to monitor all the previous factors then to change to the animal based diet .then assessment . Then maintenance and prevention by reintroducing the omitted items steadily. Analysis of collected data shows a significant difference between plant and varied dieters' results. 4 of 24 cases failed to implement both plant and varied based diets and did not came for their first follow up. 10 cases succeeded in implementing plant based diet and loosing an average of 2.5 kg/ 14 days while 10 cases succeeded in implementing varied based diet and lost only 1.1 kg. Challenges made significant differences in all anthropometric measurements. After Clinical observations it was clear that the plant rich diet is a first key in the first month of treatment to decrease 10% of morbidity and health risk factors. Upon applied theories varied and balanced diet is another key in the control phase to help children continue decreasing their excess body weight while growing properly. All parties should cooperate to overcome challenges for a society free from childhood obesity.

 

 

Biography:

James Joseph is the author of the best seller “God’s Own Office - How One Man Worked for A Global Giant from His Village in Kerala” published by Penguin Books and released by Shri Oommen Chandy then Chief Minister of Kerala on October 8th, 2014. Malayalam translation of the best seller got published by Manorama Books and released by Kris Gopalakrishnan, Co-Founder of Infosys in October 2015. He has a Masters in Engineering Business Management from University of Warwick, UK and has a degree in Mechanical Engineering from College of Engineering, Thiruvananthapuram. He pioneering research helped Kerala government to elevate Jackfruit as its official State fruit.

 

 

Abstract:

Introduction: Chemotherapy, adjuvant, neoadjuvant or palliative, is an integral part of the management of solid tumors, depending on stage. Bone marrow suppression (toxicity) and the resultant leucocytopenia is a known complication for majority. Haemopoietic growth factors like filgrastim is hence given either along with chemotherapy in high dose schedule or once the leucopenia sets in to prevent chemo toxicity and eventual death. A repeated admission to manage chemo toxicity also adds to the cost and reduces quality of life. Dietary modifications have been in vogue for patients receiving chemotherapy for better digestion and energy. Administering a food product as dietary intervention to perform as a haemopoietic growth factor is a novel concept in Oncology and reported for the first time.

 

A Priori Hypothesis: Kerala had the tradition of consuming mature green jackfruit as a meal and in the recent years it has emerged as an effective alternate to rice to control blood sugar levels due to its soluble fiber, pectin and lower glycemic load. Researchers have reported jackfruit extract can reduce pro inflammatory cytokines indicating its anti-cancer properties. In addition researchers have reported that dietary pectin increases survival of bone marrow cells and intestinal crypt stem cells during chemo and radio therapy. Considering the potential anti-cancer properties of jackfruit and properties of pectin to reduce bone marrow suppression, a priory hypothesis used for the study was, administering 30gms of green jackfruit flour, which contains 1 gm of pectin, as a dietary intervention could perform as a haemopoietic growth factor for patients receiving chemotherapy.   

 

Methods: Cancer Patients with Solid tumors of Breasts, Lungs, Head and Neck, Gastro Intestinal System, Ovaries, Endometrium, soft tissue sarcomas etc. were included. The drugs included Anthracyclines, Taxanes, Anti angiogenic factors and targeted chemo therapy drugs like Herceptin, High dose Endoxan, etc. The preliminary feasibility study group consisted of 25 Patients who presented since June 2018 to December 2018. Patients were given free sachets of 30gms green jackfruit flour to be used in single divided doses along with staple food per day from first day of chemotherapy through the last day of each cycle of 21 days, till the completion of the course. Blood examination for Hb, WBC count and platelet counts were done on 5^th, 7^th, 9^th and 12^th day. 20/25 patients completed the study. One patient with metastatic disease on palliative chemotherapy died during this period, 4 patients opted out due to lack of taste.

 

Results: Out of 4 patients who refused to take the green jackfruit flour, all of them necessitated haemopoietic growth factor for a minimum of 5 days, after admission with all supportive drugs, antibiotics, including ICU admissions in 2, when the nadir dropped. Among the 20 subjects who completed the 6 cycles, 2 patients necessitated haemopoietic growth factor, in the 5^th and one in the 6^th cycle for 2 days to get back the normal counts. The supplementation with green jackfruit flour, drastically dropped the sales of the growth factor which in the 20 subjects, amounted to Rs.1,40,000/-(@1400 /- per vial) which if translated across the country will amount to several hundred crores.

 

Conclusion: Dietary intervention to prevent neutropenia, for those who undergo chemotherapy is reported for the first time in oncology. Jackfruit is a tropical fruit available in several countries. The anti-diabetic effect green jackfruit is well established. This pilot study merits multi-centric trials on large population. The money saved by avoiding administration of hematopoietic growth factor, repeated hospital admissions, antibiotics etc. could be phenomenal when widely used. The quality of life and psychological satisfaction when neutropenia is avoided while undergoing chemotherapy, adds value to this novel dietary intervention

 

 

Biography:

James Joseph is the author of the best seller “God’s Own Office - How One Man Worked for A Global Giant from His Village in Kerala” published by Penguin Books and released by Shri Oommen Chandy then Chief Minister of Kerala on October 8th, 2014. Malayalam translation of the best seller got published by Manorama Books and released by Kris Gopalakrishnan, Co-Founder of Infosys in October 2015. He has a Masters in Engineering Business Management from University of Warwick, UK and has a degree in Mechanical Engineering from College of Engineering, Thiruvananthapuram. He pioneering research helped Kerala government to elevate Jackfruit as its official State fruit.

 

 

Abstract:

Introduction: Chemotherapy, adjuvant, neoadjuvant or palliative, is an integral part of the management of solid tumors, depending on stage. Bone marrow suppression (toxicity) and the resultant leucocytopenia is a known complication for majority. Haemopoietic growth factors like filgrastim is hence given either along with chemotherapy in high dose schedule or once the leucopenia sets in to prevent chemo toxicity and eventual death. A repeated admission to manage chemo toxicity also adds to the cost and reduces quality of life. Dietary modifications have been in vogue for patients receiving chemotherapy for better digestion and energy. Administering a food product as dietary intervention to perform as a haemopoietic growth factor is a novel concept in Oncology and reported for the first time.

 

A Priori Hypothesis: Kerala had the tradition of consuming mature green jackfruit as a meal and in the recent years it has emerged as an effective alternate to rice to control blood sugar levels due to its soluble fiber, pectin and lower glycemic load. Researchers have reported jackfruit extract can reduce pro inflammatory cytokines indicating its anti-cancer properties. In addition researchers have reported that dietary pectin increases survival of bone marrow cells and intestinal crypt stem cells during chemo and radio therapy. Considering the potential anti-cancer properties of jackfruit and properties of pectin to reduce bone marrow suppression, a priory hypothesis used for the study was, administering 30gms of green jackfruit flour, which contains 1 gm of pectin, as a dietary intervention could perform as a haemopoietic growth factor for patients receiving chemotherapy.   

 

Methods: Cancer Patients with Solid tumors of Breasts, Lungs, Head and Neck, Gastro Intestinal System, Ovaries, Endometrium, soft tissue sarcomas etc. were included. The drugs included Anthracyclines, Taxanes, Anti angiogenic factors and targeted chemo therapy drugs like Herceptin, High dose Endoxan, etc. The preliminary feasibility study group consisted of 25 Patients who presented since June 2018 to December 2018. Patients were given free sachets of 30gms green jackfruit flour to be used in single divided doses along with staple food per day from first day of chemotherapy through the last day of each cycle of 21 days, till the completion of the course. Blood examination for Hb, WBC count and platelet counts were done on 5^th, 7^th, 9^th and 12^th day. 20/25 patients completed the study. One patient with metastatic disease on palliative chemotherapy died during this period, 4 patients opted out due to lack of taste.

 

Results: Out of 4 patients who refused to take the green jackfruit flour, all of them necessitated haemopoietic growth factor for a minimum of 5 days, after admission with all supportive drugs, antibiotics, including ICU admissions in 2, when the nadir dropped. Among the 20 subjects who completed the 6 cycles, 2 patients necessitated haemopoietic growth factor, in the 5^th and one in the 6^th cycle for 2 days to get back the normal counts. The supplementation with green jackfruit flour, drastically dropped the sales of the growth factor which in the 20 subjects, amounted to Rs.1,40,000/-(@1400 /- per vial) which if translated across the country will amount to several hundred crores.

 

Conclusion: Dietary intervention to prevent neutropenia, for those who undergo chemotherapy is reported for the first time in oncology. Jackfruit is a tropical fruit available in several countries. The anti-diabetic effect green jackfruit is well established. This pilot study merits multi-centric trials on large population. The money saved by avoiding administration of hematopoietic growth factor, repeated hospital admissions, antibiotics etc. could be phenomenal when widely used. The quality of life and psychological satisfaction when neutropenia is avoided while undergoing chemotherapy, adds value to this novel dietary intervention

 

 

Biography:

Laila Hussein she is a researcher in National Research Center, Egypt.
Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition and her Molecularl profile of the gut microbiotaamong young and adult Egyptians Epidemiological nutritional studies to assess the intake of selected essential nutrients in re ation to standard norms and formulation and evaluation of the efficiencies of selected fruit rich in phytochemicals and fermented foods rich in probiotics on the colon function and the overall health status among children, adolescents and adults

Abstract:

The characteristics of the gut microbiota in healthy human had been well defined throughout the whole life span. Definite changes in the gut microbiome dysbiosis is closely related to development of chronic inflammation related disease. The modulation of the intestinal microbiome by next generation probiotics (NGP), prebiotics and postbiotics provides novel strategies that may be effectively applied for treatment of such aberrations. The molecular mechanisms by which probiotics and prebiotics exert their action are by modulating signaling pathways of the gut microbiota. NGPs have well defined specific functional characteristics besides the well known ones. Prebiotics are mainly non- starch polysaccharide molecules that resist the acid and enzymatic hydrolysis in the stomach and the gut and reached the colon intact, where they are selectively fermented by the colon microbiota to confer health benefits. The fermentation products including free energy, short chain fatty acids mainly butyrate, the fuel of the colonocyte, low colonic pH lead to numerous health benefits, such as inhibition of the development of pathogens, reducing the prevalence and duration of diarrhoea, increases the absorption of minerals, mostly of magnesium and calcium, and providing relief from inflammation and other symptoms associated with intestinal bowel disorders. Recently, postbiotics have drawn attention and they include metabolic byproducts secreted by live bacteria, such as enzymes, peptides, peptidoglycan, polysaccharides, cell surface proteins, and organic acids. Their clear chemical structure, safety dose parameters, long shelf life and these molecules have various signaling with anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-obesogenic, antihypertensive, hypocholesterolemic, anti-proliferative, and antioxidant activities properties with impacts on the host health by improving specific physiological functions. In a rapidly growing global market, there is a call to improve and standardize the quality of the products to get reliable high quality multistrain probiotic for clinical practice and for the benefit of the end-users. The market size of the commercial prebiotic human milk oligosaccharides (HMO)  is expected to reach USD 170.4 million by 2024. HMO is incorporated in the formulation of functional foods and beverages to promote the growth of healthy bacteria and eliminate harmful microbes. More work is needed to go beyond the identified association between healthy and disease state gut microbiota. Multiomics and more randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to finally clarify the functions of the emerging products.

Biography:

Dr.S.P.Malarkannan has been Graduated in Veterinary Science from Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University with the specialties including Animal Science and Dairy Science from Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India. Later on he obtained his post-graduation from University of Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikara, Trichur with subjects Dairy Science and then started working his career as Veterinary Surgeon at The MILMA, Kerala and then as Assistant Professor in Arul Anandar College, Karumathur, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India where he has continued his research. Presently he has been working at the Arul Anandar College, Karumathur, Madurai City.

Abstract:

Ice cream is a high-calorie product added with artificial sweetener or sugar and is not suitable for diabetic people. At present, low-calorie dietetic foods, the products made with alternative sweeteners become popular. In the present study, the ice cream was developed with the natural sweetener palm sugar at the rate of 33.33, 66.66 and 100 percent. The pH of the samples was ranged from 6.3 to 7.5 and showed a significant change. Titratable Acidity (as percentage lactic acid) of ice cream samples were 00.18, 0.14, 0.11 and 0.07 and had a significant change due to the presence of weak acid-forming minerals in palm sugar. The  total  solids,  moisture  and  fat  content  of  the  samples  were  ranged  from  36.05  to  36.18, 61.59 to 66.04 and 10.1 to 10.60 per cent respectively and exhibited no significant difference. The increase in mineral content of the samples as the replacement level of palm sugar increased results in an increasing trend in ash percentage and a decreasing trend in the overrun percentage and melting rate of the product. The energy value (cal/g) of dietetic ice cream samples were ranged from 2305.564 to 3316.248 and showed a significant difference (P<0.01). The index of viscosity (g. sec) were ranged from -14.21 to -16.57 per cent and showed a significant difference (P< 0.01). The standard plate count and coliform count of the samples were within the permissible level. The organoleptic quality revealed a 100 per cent replacement (T3) of cane sugar with palm sugar scored a better result than control. Due to  the progressive increase in the palm sugar levels in the samples had a similar increase in the cost of ice cream samples. The increase in the cost of samples could be attributed to the higher cost of palm sugar as compared to cane sugar.

Biography:

Marcello Menapace is a researcher, philosopher, scientist, medical writer, and professional regulatory consultant. He has completed his first Master’s degree at the University of Milan (IT) in Chemistry, his second Master’s degree in Business Administration (MBA) at the London School of Business and Finance in London (UK) and his PhD in Life Science at the H. S. University in Philadelphia (US). He has published several scientific papers on Science, Ethics and Nutrition, has been honorable speaker, chair and co-chair in European and International Conferences and is currently collaborating with Biotech Companies and Journals as Reviewer and Co-Editor.

Abstract:

Recent advances in glycobiology have described the inner workings of the much debated blood type diets (BTD). The confirmed presence of special sugars (glycans) in all foods explain how and why people of different blood type react differently to food. All women and men can be effectively divided into four blood groups: A, B, AB and O. The BTD has been devised empirically but can now be demonstrated theoretically, too. This characterization of humanity into distinct groups (or constitutions) is neither unique nor a recent discovery. Traditionally, all medicines have always helped humanity overcome diseases with its own special interventions based on a particular constitution of the individual: most of which focused on adjusting ones diet. It can be claimed that all non-Western (Eastern) medicines (from Unani, to traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurveda, etc) and Western medicines of the past (especially, traditional Western medicine) acted in this way. While the number of somatotypes may according to tradition, the fundamental concepts remain the same. A new paradigm has emerged of late which have futher confirmed the already strong scientific backing to these medicines and traditions: the holobiont. Through the biological underpinnings of the microbiota-host interactions it is possible to attain a synthesis between the two biotypologies, which are not mutually exclusive. In this way, each individual can be described as a function of its genetic and physical characteristics. The result is a new nutritional system, which takes into account both the well-tested traditional suggestions (seasonal foods, etc) and the contemporary biological medicine.

Biography:

Dr. Martina Bluhm studied biochemistry at the University of Tübingen prior to earning her PhD at the University of Leipzig. Her research was dedicated to the field of antimicrobial peptides and other proteinaceous biomaterials. Inspired by the opportunities in Industrial Biotechnology she joined c-LEcta in 2016 as Business Development Manager.

Abstract:

Evolution has blessed us with a sense of taste allowing the joyful consumption of culinary delights, where especially sweet-tasting food products with high sugar content – indicating “no toxicity” -catch our attraction. However, the resulting widely spread overconsumption of sugar has turned indulgence into serious health concerns for the human population: more and more people are impaired by health issues such as overweight, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Consequently, consumer advisors as well as politicians demand a significant reduction of sugar in processed foods and c-LEcta as leading biotechnology company dedicated to the development of enzyme cascades and cell-free biosynthesis approaches this issue with innovative ideas:

We have created proven concepts for the enzymatic in-situ conversion of critical sugars like fructose, glucose and saccharose into more valuable saccharides while – most importantly - maintaining taste and texture. By such treatment, foodstuff with added benefits including less sugar, lower calorie count and reduced glycemic index can be produced. The methods are especially applicable for raw materials with a naturally high content of sugar like fruit juices and thereby are not only an alternative to high intensity sweeteners but offer a solution for a so far hardly addressable technical challenge.

Biography:

University professor, clinician and researcher in the field of Pediatric nutrition with 30 years of exceptional record, experience and contributions in teaching nutrition knowledge and skills to medical students and applying such expertise for the welfare of patients.

 

A member of many international Pediatric and Nutrition societies and pronounced reviewer in several distinguished journals. Supervisor of over 100 Pediatrics Master and MD Theses in the faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University with numerous publications in the field of Pediatric Clinical Nutrition.

Valuable efforts in the establishment of the Clinical Nutrition clinic in the Children`s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University and Al-Adan Hospital, MOH, Kuwait.

Abstract:

The secular variation of biological anthropology tends to assess the degree of socio-economic development that is why nations try hard to achieve better secular trends of growth.

Taller height has been often described as a sign of social status and privilege, therefore it became a personal as well as a society wish. Generally, in the last decades, stature tends to stabilize; however, weight continues to grow causing overweight to take pandemic forms. Nutrition and genetics are the main determinants of height trends and since maximum genetic potential can be restrained; nutrition takes the lead.

Growth acceleration, during pursuit of positive height trend, correlates with long-term health problems in humans. most studies show a positive association between rapid growth (height, weight, or both) and increased overweight and obesity, regardless of age. Therefore, the ultimate goal is to defy the secular trend and achieve a better height potential without the health burdens of excess weight.

Protein quality rather than quantity is what truly makes a difference in height. Although nutrition in most countries can be raised by rational dietary guidelines, the deterioration of the protein index, even in the wealthiest nations, is alarming. 

Thus the myth is giving up on height and believing in the exhaustion of the genetic potential theory. The truth, on the other hand, is that there is still hope lying in our right choice of protein. Current threats to protein quality can explain the observed negative height trends. These threats can result from a combination of the inadequate “fast-food” nutrition and some misleading dietary guidelines.

In conclusion, adherence to the classic food pyramid for the required protein quantity and paying attention to the protein index would pave the way for dream realization regarding positive height trends. 

Biography:

Topwe Milongwe MWENE-MBEJA, Ph. D., Organic chemistry, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada. His a professor of organic chemistry at the Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lubumbashi, DR Congo. Research interest: Organic chemistry: Our group is interested in the discovery of pharmaceutical organic naturally occurring products possessing properties against cancer. Our group is also interested in green chemistry projects related to the prevention of pollution of the environment and sustainable development.

Abstract:

Enzymatic reactions refer to organic reactions catalyzed by enzymes. This review aims to enrich the documentation relative to enzymatic reactions occurring during the anaerobic degradation of residual organic substances with emphasis on the structures of organic compounds and reaction mechanisms. This allows to understand the displacement of the electron between electron-rich and electron-poor entities to form new bonds in products. The detailed mechanisms of enzymatic reactions relative to the production of biomethane have not yet been reviewed in the scientific literature. Hence, this review is novel and timely as it discusses the chemical behavior or the reactivity of different functional groups, thereby allowing to better understand the enzymatic catalysis in the transformations of residual proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids into biomethane and fertilizers. Such understanding allows to improve the overall biomethanation efficiency in industrial applications.

Biography:

Hassan raza has completed his BSc (Hons) Agriculture (Food Science and Technology) at the age of 21 years from The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. He has 2 Publication in reputed journals.

Abstract:

The research looks into the beneficial properties of fruits and their juices in terms of their role in preventing harmful substances from organisms. The key properties that are investigated in this research are antioxidant and microbial properties of fruit juices that are important in healthcare and food sciences. There are fruits juices that could either be fresh or artificial in nature. The study explores the effect of fresh juices on humans to study how it prevents cell damage and promotes antioxidant activity. It also investigates the capacity to kill microorganisms in human beings by the intake of fresh fruit juices. Three fruit juices (apple, grapes and pomegranate) are selected for this purpose, their anti microbial activity is analyzed against selected micro organisms, the methodology for the data collection has been laboratory where clinical samples of the juices have been taken. These samples were tested and their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were investigated. The samples of three fruits were taken including pomegranate, grapes and pomegranate. The results were drawn at the end of the experiment and given properties were explored in their juices. The conclusions given at the end of the research signify the importance of these juices in curing various diseases and promoting resistance within human bodies, more over result proved that apple has high anti microbial activity as compared to grapes and pomegranates.

Biography:

Raffaele Pilla is PharmD, PhD, Doctor Europaeus. He received his Master’s degree in Pharmacy at G. d’Annunzio University in Chieti-Pescara, Italy in 2005, where he also served internships at the Cell Physiology Laboratory and Molecular Biology Laboratory. Prior, he was an Erasmus Student at Faculté de Pharmacie de Reims in Reims, France. He received his Doctor Europaeus in 2010 from Pitié-Salpétrière Institute in Paris, France. Also in 2010, he received his PhD in Biochemistry, Physiology, and Pathology of Muscle at G. d’Annunzio University in Chieti-Pescara, Italy. He was hired as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology at the University of South Florida in Tampa, on two research grants funded by the Office of Naval Research (US Navy) and Divers’ Alert Network. He has written and lectured widely worldwide. He has been involved in ongoing research at the University of South Florida with the use of ketone esters.

Abstract:

It has been recently shown that nutritional ketosis is effective against seizure disorders and various acute/chronic neurological disorders. Physiologically, glucose is the primary metabolic fuel for cells. However, many neurodegenerative disorders have been associated with impaired glucose transport/metabolism and with mitochondrial dysfunction, such as Alzheimer’s/Parkinson’s disease, general seizure disorders, and traumatic brain injury. Ketone bodies and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates represent alternative fuels for the brain and can bypass the rate- limiting steps associated with impaired neuronal glucose metabolism. Therefore, therapeutic ketosis can be considered as a metabolic therapy by providing alternative energy substrates. It has been estimated that the brain derives over 60% of its total energy from ketones when glucose availability is limited. In fact, after prolonged periods of fasting or ketogenic diet (KD), the body utilizes energy obtained from free fatty acids (FFAs) released from adipose tissue. Because the brain is unable to derive significant energy from FFAs, hepatic ketogenesis converts FFAs into ketone bodies-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and acetoacetate (AcAc)-while a percentage of AcAc spontaneously decarboxylates to acetone. Large quantities of ketone bodies accumulate in the blood through this mechanism. This represents a state of normal physiological ketosis and can be therapeutic. Ketone bodies are transported across the blood-brain barrier by monocarboxylic acid transporters to fuel brain function. Starvation or nutritional ketosis is an essential survival mechanism that ensures metabolic flexibility during prolonged fasting or lack of carbohydrate ingestion. Therapeutic ketosis leads to metabolic adaptations that may improve brain metabolism, restore mitochondrial ATP production, decrease reactive oxygen species production, reduce inflammation, and increase neurotrophic factors’ function. It has been shown that KD mimics the effects of fasting and the lack of glucose/insulin signaling, promoting a metabolic shift towards fatty acid utilization. In this work, the author reports a number of successful case reports treated through metabolic ketosis.