Claude Billeaud
University Hospital Center of Bordeaux, France
Title: Randomized Trial of Nutritional Intervention Evaluating the Effect of Rapeseedoil, Margarine Enriched Omega 3 and their association in relation to a standard dietbased on olive oil
Biography
Biography: Claude Billeaud
Abstract
Introduction / Objectives :
Polyunsaturatedfattyacids (PUFA) long chain, especially n-6 arachidonicacid (ARA) and the docosahexaenoicacid n-3 (DHA), are important in the development and maturation of the newbornbrainsystem .Their content in human milk (HM) varies with the mother's diet. Supplementationwith n-3 PUFA (α-linolenicacid, ALA) could increase the concentration of DHA in milk. The objective of the study was to assess the composition of breast milk after 15 days supplementation of n-3 PUFAs.
Material and Methods:
Multicentric randomized trial (human milk banks : Bordeaux, Lyon, Paris, Montpellier), according to a factorial design 4 groups of 20 women each. From D0 to D15, same diet (olive oil), and from D15 to D30 : diets were 1) Olive oil (O) 2) margarine rich in n-3 PUFA (M), 3) rapeseed oil (C) and 4) M + C (MC). Diets 1-4 provided an increasing ALA intake. In the 4 groups, there was constant supply of DHA (500mg / d, 170 g Mackerel 2 times / week). The FA composition of milk (% of total FA) was determined by direct transesterification and analyzed by GC-FID, blinded group. Nutritional surveys were analyzed by Bilnut software. FA concentrations at day 30 were compared between groups by linear regression, with a test interaction between M and C.
Results:
80 mothers of term infants were included: age 31.5 ± 4.2, 66.1 ± 9.8 kg (mean ± SD). ALA was higher in MC (2.2%) C (1.3%) and M (1.1%) groups (p <0.003), vs. group O (0.8%). There was a tendency for the DHA to be more higher in the MC group (0.54%) vs O group (0.39%) (p = 0.11). The ratio LA / ALA was the lowest = 5.5 (p <0.001) in the group MC and bonded to an ALA rate to 2.1%. ARA is the highest in group C (0.37% vs. 0.33% MC, M and O 0.32 0.34%) (p = 0.02).The dietary survey showed a slightly high fat diet compared to RDA.
Conclusion:
We recommend for lactating women, a balanced varied diet consisting of 170g mackere l2 times / week or equivalent., which covers the needs for DHA and ARA. Margarine consumption Omega 3 and rapeseed oil improves the ratio LA / ALA (5.5) the most favorable ratio to increase the synthesis of DHA from ALA.