33^rd European Nutrition and Dietetics Conference

Genetics of obesity

Obesity is the result of an exchange between behavior, environment, and genetic factors. Studies have recognized development in several genes, Genetics play a significant role in the development of obesity, influencing how individuals gain weight and store fat. Variations in multiple genes can affect various biological processes, such as appetite regulation, metabolism, and fat distribution. For instance, mutations in the fto gene are strongly associated with increased body mass index (BMI) and a higher risk of obesity. This gene is thought to influence appetite and energy expenditure, making some individuals more prone to gaining weight. Additionally, other genetic factors can affect how efficiently the body processes and stores nutrients, further contributing to the risk of obesity, However, genetics alone do not determine obesity; environmental factors such as diet, physical activity, and lifestyle choices also play crucial roles. The interaction between genetic predispositions and environmental influences is complex, often involving a combination of multiple genes and lifestyle factors. Understanding these genetic factors can help researchers develop targeted interventions and personalized treatment strategies to manage or prevent obesity, highlighting the importance of a multifaceted approach in addressing this global health issue, that may contribute to obesity gain and body fat distribution; while, only in a few cases are genes the primary cause of obesity. Polymorphisms in several genes controlling appetite and metabolism predispose to obese under convinced dietary conditions. The percentage of obesity that can be attributed to genetics varies extensively, depending on the population survey from 6% to 85%.  As of 2006, more than 41 sites on the human genome have been linked to the evolution of obesity when a favorable environment is present. The involvement of genetic factors in the progress of obesity is assessed to be 40–70%. Some of the obesogenic or leptogenic genes may affect obese individual’s response to weight loss or weight management.